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Leukemia

Build out your next leukemia panel with Proteintech’s flow antibodies

Introduction

Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is typically classified based on which cell lineage is affected and how quickly the cancer develops and grows. While bone marrow biopsies remain the gold standard in leukemia diagnosis, immunophenotyping with flow cytometry has quickly become a powerful method to further enhance leukemia classification as it is far more sensitive in detecting aberrant surface protein expression and cell lineage commitment. Proteintech’s flow antibody portfolio, conjugated to a wide range of traditional and super-bright, CoraLite® Plus dyes, is the perfect tool to help researchers better understand the distinct phenotypic signatures of leukemia. This information can in turn be utilized towards the development of more targeted therapies.  

 

Types of Leukemia

Lymphoid

Lymphoid leukemias affect cells of the lymphocytic lineage, which include B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Of these, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia amongst adults, accounting for nearly 25% of all new leukemia cases. It is typically caused by acquired mutations that develop within lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. T and B cell markers such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD19, and CD20 can be used to identify these mutated cells as they begin to rapidly proliferate. CD38 is often studied as a prognostic indicator of poor survival in both acute and chronic forms of this disease. It may also hold value as a future immunotherapy target.

Image Description: FC experiment of human PBMCs using FITC Plus Anti-Human CD38, clone HIT2 (FITC-65111). 1x106 human PBMCs were surface stained with 5 ul FITC-65111 or Mouse IgG1 isotype control. Cells were not fixed. Lymphocytes were gated.

 

Myeloid

Myeloid leukemia also arises in the bone marrow and commonly affects cells of myeloid lineage, such as granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) and monocytes (macrophages). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the more common form, typically occurring in older adults. Myeloid lineage markers can be used in the identification of these leukemia subtypes as their expression in the leukemic blasts is often altered in comparison to normal monocytic cells. For example, CD33, typically a marker for myeloid progenitors, remains highly expressed in AML as these cells do not undergo proper cell maturation. Additional markers such as CD14, CD16, CD64, and CD117 also show high sensitivity for the AML phenotype. Proteintech’s flow compatible CD33 antibody has been conjugated to 8 different colors, allowing for wide flexibility in panel construction.

Image Description: FC experiment of human PBMCs using Cardinal RedTM Anti-Human CD33, clone WM53 (CR-65272). 1x106 human PBMCs were surface stained with 5 ul of CR-65272 or left unstained. Cells were not fixed. Monocytes were gated.

 

Flow Antibodies for Lymphoid Leukemia Markers
Target Catalog Clone Reactivity Pure AB/ FITC/ PE/ CR/ APC/ 750
405 488 555 594 674
CD2 65192 TS1/8 Human              
CD3 65077 17A2 Mouse              
65112 Hit3a Human              
65133 OKT3 Human              
65148 SK7 Human              
65151 UCHT1 Human              
65060 145-2C11 Mouse              
65061 500-A2 Mouse              
CD4 65104 GK1.5 Mouse              
65134 OKT4 Human              
65141 RM4-5 Mouse              
65143 RPA-T4 Human              
65147 SK3 Human              
65199 RM4-4 Mouse              
CD5 65152 UCHT2 Human              
65200 L17F12 Human              
CD7 65203 4H9 Human              
CD8 65146 SK1 Human              
65204 UCHT4 Human              
CD8α 65069 53-6.7 Mouse              
65113 Hit8a Human              
65135 OKT8 Human              
65144 RPA-T8 Human              
65205 5H10-1 Mouse              
CD10 60034 4B9D9 Human              
CD11c 65086 3.9 Human              
65130 N418 Mouse              
65196 BU15 Human              
CD19 65110 HIB19 Human              
65197 4G7 Human              
CD20 65085 2H7 Human              
CD23 60208 4C7C9 Human              

 

Flow Antibodies for Myeloid Leukemia Markers

Target

Catalog

Clone

Reactivity

Pure

AB/

405

FITC/

488

PE/

555

CR/

594

APC/

674

750

CD13

65186

WM15

Human

              

CD14

65056

UCHM-1

Human

              

65246

26IC

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD16

65090

3G8

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65057

93

Mouse

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65080

2.4G2

Mouse

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD33

65272

WM53

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD34

65183

QBEnd-10

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD38

65059

90

Mouse

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65107

HB7

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65111

HIT2

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD45

65064

F10-89-4

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65082

2D1

Human

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65087

30-F11

Mouse

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

65109

HI30

Human

              

CD56

65067

MEM-188

Human

              

65264

B-A19

Human

              

CD64

65253

10.1

Human

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD117

65054

2B8

Mouse

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

65094

ACK2

Mouse

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

65154

104D2

Human

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HLA-DR

65218

L243

Human

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Legend
  • Pure- Unconjugated Antibody
  • AB- Atlantic BlueTM
  • CR- Cardinal RedTM
  • 405, 488, 555, 594, 647, 750- CoraLite® Plus Dyes
  • FITC, PE, APC- Traditional Flow Dyes

 

FlexAble Antibody Labeling Kits for Custom Conjugations 

In addition to our existing library of conjugated antibodies, Proteintech now offers FlexAble antibody labeling kits for the customized conjugation of any mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b or rabbit IgG antibody to a dye of choice. FlexAble conjugations are completed in 10 minutes and allow for additional multiplexing power when designing flow experiments to characterize various types of leukemia.

Conjugate

Size

Compatible with

CoraLite® Plus 405

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a

FITC Plus

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a

CoraLite® Plus 488

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a, Mouse IgG2b 

CoraLite® Plus 555

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a, Mouse IgG2b

CoraLite® Plus 647

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a, Mouse IgG2b

CoraLite® Plus 750

10 rxn, 50 rxn, 200 rxn

Rabbit IgG, Mouse IgG1, Mouse IgG2a

 

Learn more about the full power of FlexAble here

 

References

Malavasi, F., Deaglio, S., Damle, R. N., Cutrona, G., Ferrarini, M., & Chiorazzi, N. (2011). CD38 and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a decade later. Blood, 118(13), 3470–3478. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-275610

Matarraz, S., Almeida, J., Flores-Montero, J., Lecrevisse, Q., Guerri, V., López, A., Barrena, S., Van Der Velden, V. H., Marvelde, J. G. T., Van Dongen, J. J. M., & Orfao, A. (2015). Introduction to the diagnosis and classification of monocytic-lineage leukemias by flow cytometry. Cytometry Part B-clinical Cytometry, 92(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.21219

Small, S., Oh, T. S., & Platanias, L. C. (2022). Role of biomarkers in the management of acute myeloid leukemia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 14543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314543